Evaluation of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) larvae on fish production performance: a meta-analysis

Fishmeal, as one of the main protein sources, has become scarce and expensive. This conventional source is no longer considered sustainable. As an alternative, black soldier fly (BSF) a popular non-conventional that been tested in formulation aquafeed to replace fishmeal due its nutritional value, reasonably low price, large abundance. Nevertheless, evidence on BSF supplementation varied among species. meta-analysis examined influence replacing with performance fish species by using 47 published papers targeting 23 different The results revealed that, overall, inclusion had significant effect survival rate (SR) feed conversion ratio (FCR). magnitude specific growth (SGR) weight gain (WG) was species-dependent; it increased SGR WG omnivores but decreased (P&lt;0.01) when fed carnivores herbivores. Meta-regression analysis indicated negative linear relationship FCR carnivore (P&lt;0.05; R 2 =0.61) omnivore R2=0.15). In addition, principal component confirmed although most showed increasing trend response dietary BSF, few (Anabas testudineus Acipenser baerii) which belong omnivores. conclusion, meal can be partial substitute for only some more than 30%. Special notice should herbivore because utilisation might compromise their performance.